EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

Tonic Coffee is located in the heart of San Francisco’s Financial District. We strive to create a unique tasting experience by bringing joy through unique flavors, quality products, and freshly baked goods. Our business model goes beyond profits, we create a positive impact in local communities by paying producers the highest value for their product, as well as supporting Save the Children in Ethiopia. By donating two percent of our profits to the Child Hunger Crisis and Famine Relief Fund in Ethiopia, we are all able to benefit. Each of our staff members maintains a sense of enthusiasm as they provide clients exceptional and friendly customer service. Through Social Media platforms, Tonic Coffee is able to keep up with coffee trends, and customer satisfaction.

Coffee consumption statistics in recent years display a steady growth rate in the gourmet coffee market. This growth is an opportunity for our brand to obtain a share of the market, despite fierce competition in our area with others local coffee shops such as Blue Bottle, Sightglass Coffee, and Philz Coffee. Tonic Coffee target population located in Financial District is the segment consuming 83% of the coffee, and their income is above the $100k.

The business model implemented in our coffee shop provides us with a competitive advantage over other coffee brands. Sharing an existing space with a local bar reduces our operating costs by eleven percent; In addition, we reduce the cost of trading coffee by buying directly from our producers in Ethiopia. Under these circumstances, our profits will grow from 15% during the first year of operation to 30% percent after three years of operation, all  while offering to our customers the high-quality coffee and lower prices.

●      GENERAL COMPANY DESCRIPTION

Tonic Coffee is the vision and the dream of a group of coffee enthusiasts from San Francisco, California. Our logo is a symbol of energy which mean that people drink our coffee can absorb new energy to start new things in new day. Our goal is to be one of admired company in the coffee shop industry.

Mission statement:

Building this distinctive coffee shop brand, involves a complex strategy that employee training, quality control and customers’ satisfaction. In addition, when the service is delivered or correlated with the customers over a long period, we become even more difficult to define and describe our brand. By adding the special latte art to our coffee, we can differentiate ourselves from our competitors. To effectively deliver service quality, we need to be conscientious in interviewing and screening to identify the best people from the pool of candidates. To operate a barista, they must possess basic skills and potential such as the skill of prepare coffee and latte art. At the same time, we decided to give back to society, so we donate two percent of our profits to the Save the Children in Ethiopia where we purchase the coffee beans. Because sustainability and related issues such as  climate change, and pollution are so pervasive, we pay more attention to environmental issues, we will deduct 15 cent for the customers if they use their own cup when they order the coffee in our store.

Logo/ Slogan:

  • Tonic Coffee

The small symbol in the coffee bean is the energy symbol which mean when we drink our coffee you are going to have new energy to start new things in new day.

  • Our Slogan — “You miss all the shots you don’t take”: Incorporating our espresso shots to your daily life, live a little.

Highlight:

Tonic Coffee provides raw and organic coffee beans to coffee lovers. Tonic Coffee’s main goal is to provide healthy and innovation to one’s drinking experience. They pride themselves to produce organic coffee, and reduce industry coffee production, as well as to  provide customers aromatic coffee that also reduces carbon footprints by corporate coffee plantations. The new innovation in drinking style of coffee means they do not serve as other traditional espresso. As with trends coming and going, Tonic Coffee stays innovative and up to date with trends, such as: drinks with cake or cotton candy and or even with whipping cream at top. In projected years, profit increases are expected to change the gourmet coffee world.

Product & Service Description:

Tonic coffee driven drinks menu includes ethiopian organic coffee beans which are carefully selected. We roast and control the coffee beans before they go into the world. We offer different kinds of coffee products and baked products in our store. Our talented baristas have mastered latte art, which can be expected to impress those around. Our employees are passionate coffee lovers, and can be seen when welcomed into Tonic Coffee. Lastly, if Tonic Coffee were to receive a complaint from customer, employees will be prepared to act on them quickly with understandment, and no questions asked.

●      MARKET and COMPETITION

Industry Analysis:

Type of Coffee: Gourmet coffee had been the strongest growing part of the market, but recent studies have shown that that the trend toward occasional drinkers is continuing while espresso drinks continue to rise in popularity. Specialty coffees seem to be most appealing to younger adults. The 25 – 34 age group accounted for one-quarter of specialty coffee orders in 2000 and only 10 percent of the regular coffee orders. Those 18 – 34 years old have increased their specialty coffee purchases at table service restaurants in the last two years. One-third of regular coffee orders are placed by consumers 65 and older, while that group accounts for less than 10 percent of specialty coffee orders.

Market Analysis

  • Demographic of coffee drinkers

83% US adult drinking coffee. According to the National Coffee Association’s (NCA), the coffee consumption in San Francisco rose 5% this year and daily consumption remained steady at 63% and those who drink coffee at least once per week was up slightly to 75%.

Scarborough Local Market Ranking

Rank    Local Market (DMA®**)       % of Adults
1          San Francisco/Oakland/San Jose        26%
2          Seattle/Tacoma                        23%
3          Portland                                               21%
4          San Diego                                           20%
5          Sacramento/Stockton/Modesto            20%
38        Des Moines/Ames                              11%

+ Bay Area is one of the most coffee consumption in the US.

+ Seventy-six percent of adult Hispanic-Americans said they drank coffee yesterday, 13 percentage points ahead of the total population. By comparison, 47% of African-Americans and 64% of Caucasian-Americans said they drank coffee yesterday.

  • Coffee customers:

Because our location is in financial district, our coffee shop patrons are younger, more affluent, and educated. They are also 65 percent more likely to have an annual household income of $100K+. Coffee shop patrons are 28 percent more likely than the average American adult to be single and 70 percent more likely to have a post graduate degree. The average age of specialty coffee drinkers is 43. Occasional latte devotees are in the higher average income of $76,000, and similarly, cappuccino and espresso drinkers reflect an average income of $60,000.

Competitive Analysis:

Tonic Coffee’s largest competitors are Blue bottle coffee, Sightglass Coffee, Philz Coffee. We understand that their competitors have the advantage of long business hours. However, with the new limited hours of operations, we meet new customers on a regular basis, interacting closer with customers to return with great feedback. As a daily operator, Tonic Coffee has plenty loyalty rewards program to provide reward based on how much you purchase.

Target market:

Our target is focus on office people, students, and also tourism. Tonic Coffee encourage all coffee lovers to explore their new tasty combination. Since San Francisco tourism is hard to ignore, this creates the ideal coffee experience for foreigners wanted something trip worthy. Welcoming all age groups, Tonic Coffee offers a comfortable setting for all coffee lovers alike.

●      MARKETING PLAN

Marketing Goals

Tonic Coffee prides itself of being a popular coffee shop in the day, and strives to transform into a hip bar at night, thus suiting everyone’s need, before and after office hours. The plan is to reach a wide and diverse group of people, who appreciate taking the time for extravagant espresso creations. Though focusing its attentions towards northern California, Tonic Coffee is expected to expand it’s market to southern California. Wanting to stay small, Tonic Coffee will remain on the west coast. Overexpansion of it’s brands will degrade from it’s rare Tonic Coffee experience, bring it closer to brands such as Pete’s and Starbucks. By it’s social media platforms, Tonic Coffee is able communicate with our customers through Yelp, Facebook and other social media sites, with emphasis on Instagram to show the wonderful art we do for the coffee. Exposing our Organic marketing to potential customers, will show the quality in which they pride themselves on. Billboards and newspapers will be also used to market our brand, but we will focus more online which is Inorganic marketing

Marketing Strategy:

Advertising:

(1)   Location Appealing

  • Free Sample

As our location is on the financial district, there are lot of people walking on the street. We are going to give them a small free sample. It’s a great introduce a new product to others.

  • Visual Appeal: Base on customer’s demand, we create an outside drinking coffee place in front of our coffee shop (about 2-3 table). Design with trees… We design the shop with a green and environment friendly look with lots of plants that creates an enjoyable experience for all customers.

(2)   Internet/ Social Media

We going to create a page on Facebook, and Instagram and upload our art picture about our coffee products.

– Social media gives new coffee shops a chance to interact with future customers before they even open to the public.

– Frequently upload our activities such as charity foundation

(3)   Community

 Doing a soft-opening before grand opening. To help the employees training and have more comments from customers.

– Do more events during soft-opening to get attracting from people.

Promotion

 Giving out free coffee at other’s event such at festival such as Cherry Blossom at Japan’s festival.

– Offering discounts on social media helps a shop build their online community while also attracting new customers. Offering on yelp discount or they are checking on their social media. 10% off

– Upload new discount (drink of a day/week).

– Give a stamp card to loyal customer.

●      SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS WEAKNESS
Profit:  Coffee is not only priced intentionally to reflect our quality of product, but for the affordability for our customers. First year’s profit will be increased to 15% if we share our place with a bar owner. Otherwise, our profit will be 4% at the first year.

Product quality: The Coffee that we offer is made from a variety of high quality Ethiopian coffee beans.

Employees’ skills: employees possess basic skills and knowledge in order to do their jobs well. Our baristas will train in necessary technical before they start to work. They are not only knowing how to prepare the coffee, but they also have a skill to make latte art.

Location: located in financial district, and there are scenic spots

Customer service: The employees are expected to welcome their customers and respectively serve them cordially. Moreover, when they receive complaints from customers, employees will be prepared to act on them quickly, such as receive their money back or a free product.

Free Wi-Fi

Higher cost for the bakery cost: We do not hire any baker, we need to order the breads and the cakes from the other bakery stories.

Limited facilities:  for lean servicescape, It may be impossible to accommodate demand during periods of peak demand. We need to reduce demand during peak time.

Time: take about 3 years to break even

Brand new cafe: we do not have less rally customers in the financial district because our business is brand new

OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
Customer needs and wants revolution: no one needs coffees, and yet today, more people trend to buy high quality coffee. Consumers needs and wants around the world are converging today as never before. This creates an opportunity for marketing.

Information revolution: Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and other social media, these communication tool created opportunities for company to boost consumers’ awareness of the products.

Tax returns: Our tax be deducted for charitable donations, because we donate 2% of our profit to save the children in Ethiopia.

Competitors:

●      Blue Bottle Coffee:

Large space: The service escape can have a profound effect on the customer experience. Blue Bottle Coffee has an elaborate environment with many elements and large space.  However, our service environment are very simple and small that may frustrate customers.

●      Sightglass Coffee:

Delivered: Sightglass Coffee offer existing customers of the organization a service not previously available from the company which is the coffee can deliver to the customer’s’ house.

Social weakness: customers develop a sense of familiarity and even a social relationship with their service providers. These ties make it less likely that they would consider switching. Sightglass Coffee began with a service-cart in San Francisco in 2009.

●      Philz Coffee:

Lower price: Price can be used as a competitive weapon to gain or maintain market position. For Philz Coffee, they setting price levels that are lower to build market share. As a new brand, we cannot use this pricing strategy because our products may be sold at loss for a certain length of time. We cannot absorb such losses.

More products: If customers less tolerant of the store just has few products, they tend to be choosing the other stores which can provide the service.

●      STRATEGY and IMPLEMENTATION

Pricing Strategy

To make it simple and easy on the pricing strategy we do plan to be cheaper than our competitors and the reason why we can do that is we have our own coffee farm so we cut out the middleman and save a fortune on going through a middleman. We are able to cut cost to a low premium since we are paying for our own supply of coffee.

Operations/implementation: day-to-day

Day-to-day: Opened Monday-Friday

6:30 a.m. – 7:00 a.m.               Opening. Setting up furniture and preparation for business hours.

7:00 a.m. – 2:00 p.m.               Business hours.

2:00 p.m. – 2:30 p.m.               Closing. Storing coffee shop furniture and cleaning.

  1. Who’s is making what?

Manager

  • Administrative activities such as scheduling, basic bookkeeping, and payroll information.
  • Barista duties.
  • Other duties as required.

Barista

  • Collaborate with opening, operating, and closing activities (depending on their shift).
  • Other duties as required.

●      FINANCIAL PLAN

Opening costs

Rent (First month $2500 + deposit $2500)                                         $5,000

Equipment                                                                                           $14,390

1 Espresso machine                 $13,500

2 Pastry displays                     $140

1 Hot water tower                   $250

Glassware and cups                $150

Refrigerator                             $300

Various equipment                  $50

Decoration                                                                                           $3,000

Advertising and social media                                                              $500

Initial inventory                                                                                   $2,560

Coffee beans                           $1000

Dairy and nondairy products   $460

Tea                                          $200

Cups, napkins, and others       $300

Cleaning supplies                    $250

Other expenses                        $350

Total Opening Costs                                                             $25,450

Operating costs (shared space).

            Rent                                                                                                                 $2,500

Labor (22 days)                                                                                               $5,984

Manager (40 hrs $19 per hour) *        $760

Barista 1 (20 hrs $15 per hour) *        $300

Barista 2 (20 hrs $15 per hour) *        $300

*weekly

Raw materials and supplies                                                                             $2,560

– Coffee beans                         $1000

– Dairy-nondairy products       $460

– Tea                                        $200

– Cups, napkins, and others     $300

– Cleaning supplies                  $250

– Other expenses                     $350

Employer taxes (approx 14.3%)                                                                      $855.71

Workers compensation premium                                                                     $208.25           Social Media                                                                                                  $150

Utilities                                                                                                            $250

Total operating costs                                                                        $12,357.96

 

Operating costs (non-shared space).

            Rent                                                                                                                 $3,500

Labor (22 days)                                                                                               $5,984

Manager (40 hrs $19 per hour) *        $760

Barista 1 (20 hrs $15 per hour) *        $300

Barista 2 (20 hrs $15 per hour) *        $300

*weekly

Raw materials and supplies                                                                             $2,560

– Coffee beans                         $1000

– Dairy-nondairy products       $460

– Tea                                        $200

– Cups, napkins, and others     $300

– Cleaning supplies                  $250

– Other expenses                     $350

Employer taxes (approx 14.3%)                                                                      $855.71

Workers compensation premium                                                                     $208.25           Social Media                                                                                                  $150

Utilities                                                                                                            $425

Total operating costs                                                                        $13,682.96

Comparison between shared and non-shared space.

Shared space operating cost                $12,357.96

Nonshared space operating cost          $13,682.96

Operating costs difference between shared and nonshared space        $1,325.00

            Cost increases by 11% by operating our own space.

Screen Shot 2017-10-24 at 2.52.37 PMThis Graph shows Coffee Tonics current profits of 2017 on a monthly scale, as well as calculated projections the following two years. Coffee Tonic expects to increase profits by 15% increase in 2018, and 20% increase by 2019. The current 2017 profit margin is $1,853 per month, which is expected to increase by $3,707.39 in 2019.

Screen Shot 2017-10-24 at 2.52.38 PMThis graph shows Coffee Tonics current and projected profits on a yearly scale. Profits are expected to increase 15% by 2018, and 20% by 2019. The current 2017 profit margin is $22,244.40, which is expected to be $44,488.66 by 2019.

Screen Shot 2017-10-24 at 2.52.40 PMThis graph shows the annual donations given back to support our charity. The donation of 2017 will be $444.88, and expected to be $889.77 by 2019.

 

COFFEE DRINKS

Espresso………….                                                  3.25

Macchiato………….                                                3.50

Gibraltar………….                                                  3.75

Cappuccino………….                                             4.00

Latte………….                                                        4.25

Mocha………….                                                     5.00

Hot Chocolate………….                                         4.50

Maplewood Cold Brew………….                           4.00

Quick Drip Cup………….                                      2.25/3.25

~ Regular: Wind & Sea

~ Decaf: El Barrial

+ Almond Milk………….                     0.50

Coffee roasted + Provided by our friends @ A – EthiopiaTown Coffee Roasters

Coffee by the bag available !!!

 

The Livin’ is Easy

Chancellor Angela Merkel, focusing on benefiting both the left and right side of German society believes to have Holidays for support of thinking, relaxing, and catching up with oneself. The numbers show it, for Germanys’ average age tops most countries. Merkalism, or rather the detachment of political anchors, Merkel confidently works in attempt to benefit what is best for Germany as a whole, rather than pleasing a certain party. Critics say rather than a reformation from Merkel, an administrator for Germany is what’s needed. From 12 years of being Chancellor, Merkel has been on the path of moving forward with Germany’s economy, as well as not progressing to make changes for the better. In recent years, studies show that Germany is not what is used to be, or what is perceived to be. By its’ tax system being unprogressive, issues under debt, and having the ability to open a new business in Germany being at an all time low in recent years.

In current elections, Merkel was questioned on being too pleasing to each party, rather than to state her own ground. A major issue in Germany in recent years, was the influx of refugees as part of the opening of boarders through Merkel. A the time, was widely accepted and even applauded, now is causing issues for Germany. An ageing country, like Germany, needs immigrants to upkeep their economy. The question now, is if Germany wasn’t as prepared as they thought for the influx of immigrants. As the amount of immigrants rose, Merkel’s popularity tumbled. In fixing the situation, Merkel and Erdogan (president of Turkey) agreed to work together to control the immigrant situation. Upon getting in control of the influx of immigrants, Angela worked closely with countries having similar issues as Germany. For example, Germany got China to assist the US to reaffirm the importance of Climate action. In a research survey of world leaders, Merkel was nominated the only one who was voted most confident in leading. Though Merkel has lead through a refugee crisis, Trumps initiation, and a federal electioin campaign in the past year, Merkel has managed to assist Germany in it’s future. Though she has left no successor as of yet, Merkel does not want to leave politics “half dead”. For the moment being, Merkel will keep her individual connections, her method of leading Germany, and of course, enjoy a “Merkel Summer” of easy living.

Messaging the shooter

The different between Presidents Trump and Kim Jon Ung has reached fever pitch creating tension in the world about a possible nuclear war. Recent statements by President Trump at the United Nations assembly addressing North Korea’s president as ‘Rocket Man’ and proposing a pre-emptive strike has only inflamed the tension based on the fact that the North Korea’s regime is ostensibly impulsive and could really miscalculate on impulse and initiate a war with immense reaction. President Trump should, therefore, tone down on his threats but nonetheless ensure that it is clear to the regime of the repercussions for their actions. He should be more dissuasive than aggressive.  He should show his explicit and unwavering alliance with his allies such as Japan and South Korea by reading from the same script as them. He should also continue pressuring China to exert itself on North Korea as a long-time ally and trade partner so as to avert any conflict if it can be avoided. Continued pressure may also result in internal strife in the country that would lead to an overthrow of the defiant and ruthless regime.  It is significant for Trump for be patient and recognize that North Korea’s cannot survive for long in isolation without giving-in. Therefore, war should be last resort and only if North Korea attacks first.

The tendency by President Trump to stoke racial and ethnic divisions in the United States is epitomized by the attempts to scrap Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program (DACA) by appealing to Congress to change the legislation since he has no executive power to negate precedence on his predecessor presidents. This exacerbated by his policy of building a wall between the US and Mexico and the total ban on immigration from Muslim countries displays his aggressive approach towards immigrants. When the program expires in March 2018, the country will be faced by a quagmire of deportation of approximately 800, 000 immigrants against the repercussions of the morality of taking such actions. With primaries happening about the same time the program expires, most Congressmen will attempt to appeal to a wider voter base by promising an extension to the DACA hence, even more, complicating the dilemma on the next course of action for the politic power. Therefore, the need to end this precipitous cycle that has faced every regime including President Obama’s, the dissolution that would imbue the actions of deportation of Americans and its ultimate in viability with regards to incurred expenses, President Trump should consider enacting DACA into law but nonetheless remain stringent on subsequent immigration laws.

A bomb for a bomb

 

The major idea of the article revolves around the issue of nuclear weapons testing conducted by North Korea and the expectations South Korea has for the United States providing their armed support and protection. Ri Chun Hee is a former North Korea TV announcer who retired years ago and came back for a recent vitally important announcement about the successful testing of the new bomb by the North Koreans.

Due to the recent events, part of South Koreans expressed their willingness to host the US nuclear weapons again as a means of protection against North Korea. Liberty Korea party promoted this idea last August. Also, South Korea is not confident of its ally, the United States, at the time there is a need to receive urgent protection. This is caused by the recent statements of the US president Donald Trump. On the other hand, Korean sources state that bringing the US nuclear weapons back to Korean land would automatically mean the confirmation that the United States is ready to protect South Korea and the trust of the people to the US will go up significantly.

Starting 1970s, South Korea attempted gaining its own nuclear arsenal, yet the attempts failed. This still finds support among the population and some media expressed the opinion South Korea is capable of developing the nuclear weapons within 3 years if necessary. Still, it is extremely unlikely South Korea will ever develop its own weapons since this mean violation of the international treaties and pressure from the US. Therefore, it is more convenient for them to ask for assistance from the US. Sadly, putting the US nuclear weapons on the South Korean territory would mean creating an antagonism from China and Russia. Thus the US does not consider placing their nuclear weapons on the South Korean territory wise. In any case, South Korea leader assures his fellow-citizens they can rest fearlessly and be sure of their safety.

 

All the President’s men?

The article describes the important decisions that relate to the gathering of the Communist Party of China and their impact on the future of the country. Since the time the party was created in China, it is the nineteenth time its members come together for a joint decision-making process to take place. A total of 2300 delegates will decide on the new Central Committee and their choice will be crucial to the country’s future.

Xi Jinping seems to have the intentions to serve another term as the Communist Party’s secretary, although rumors go he would like to serve for an even longer term. It is believed Mr. Xi is capable of making crucial changes to the choice of the top 25 members of the Politburo. Approximately 80% of the Central Committee members will be replaced, together with some military chiefs and some close supporters of Mr. Xi. Yet there is a speculation he might leave some of the most dedicated members who should have retired instead. Based on the rumors, Mr. Xi is about to gain more loyal people in the Standing Committee.

It is possible the congress will update the party’s constitution in favor of Xi, making him more influential. Despite the status he would be awarded with, his level of influence would significantly increase and turn him into a more powerful ruler. Despite earlier predictions of him using the power to change the national economy, currently it is more likely he would be using it to keep up the existing state of things. Mr. Xi is going to bring in more stability and limit the number of possible changes. It looks like that he will be working more on continuing with another term of service as a secretary rather than implementing any significant changes. He is predicted with high chances of going for the third consecutive term.

Nowhere to hide

In the article “Nowhere to hide,” published by The Economist, facial recognition is one of the new inventions that is very crucial to the modern societies. It has the ability to recognize different faces according to the features of each person’s face. This new technology is used by many people and organizations. For instance, facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers’ attendance, stores use it to spot past shoplifters, police use it to track criminals, and many other purposes. However, facial recognition has been a debating topic because besides all the benefits and uses that it brings, it also has some flaws and disadvantages. It violates people’s privacy. Nowadays, anyone can use their smart phone to take pictures, and with the help of face recognitions programs they can easily identify other people. For example, people’s identity can be found on social media such as Facebook which advertising companies can benefit from this by serving car ads to people who recently visit a car showroom. Furthermore, the face shows a lot of people’s personalities and their information. This has several advantages and disadvantages. Face recognition machines can analyze faces to provide automated diagnoses of rare genetic conditions, measure emotions that may help autistic people with their social life. On the other hand, it can also identify one’s sexuality which others could violate and use it for discriminating purposes. Employers could be biased when filtering job applications for their ethnicity, signs of intelligence and sexuality. Due to many misuses of this technology, legislation can help manage the balance of good and bad outcomes. European regulators have already set a regulation which requires people’s consents to use the technology. In America, Facebook is not allowed to sell ads to car showroom people. Also, laws against discrimination can be applied to employers who screen their applicants’ images. Some companies are afraid of this technology being misused so they try to stay away from it. Others firms and governments seem to be very acceptive about it because of the benefits that it brings.

China’s Economy: Created Destruction

China may have the largest number of people in its economy, but for the past 18 months there has been a tear over the past 18 months. Theirs shares are on average up by a third globally, comedies have rallied behind this growth. This sort of optimism has infected corporate China, who for the first time in about five years are spending more on a buildings, building equipment and resources for industrial growth. This however is nothing new and can be dated back to the demolishing of steel mills and coal mines in China. So normally the way a country is able to grow is due to the investments of its people and the market, investing in new facilities and not closing those that are being used. So, in China’s case what they have done is they took on extreme over capacity, which in turn have provided a boost for not only themselves and the global economy. The risks however, is that the way the country is going about the cuts, disguising old flaws and creating new ones.

The Chinese steel industry accounts for roughly half of the global production of steel, coal and aluminum, glass and cement. Chinas produces so much steel that the unused steel equals the total amount annual output of the next four biggest producers (Japan, India, America and Russia combined! The reason why China is is able too carry this out is because it has both Chinese firms and the states support. In the early 2016 China unveiled plans to cut its steel and coal capacity by at least 10% over five years, to reduce potential global by 5%. With this happening less production, pricers would rise, leading to higher profits and most importantly a healthier economy.

Most Chinese citizens where skeptical about this since in early 2000s official plans to cut capacity. Since the purposed cuts coal and steel prices have soared, as the profits in those industries. President Xi Jinping has the ability and the drive to impose capacity cuts, causing investors to shed their fear that deflation might be China’s next export; the Yuan has appreciated and there nominal growth is just shy of a five-year high. So, even though there is growth confidence may be misplaced. Investors are overlooking two shortcomings in Chinas approach. First is the national of top-down dilates about supply, which lack flexibility and therefore tend to generate volatile outcomes. This surge that has incurred has gone well beyond what was intended, raising concerns what high prices will lead once more to surplus capacity. Chinese officials have warned about the creation of the steel bubble, reasons for this steel. bubble is Chinese ports stocks of iron ore, fundamental material in the creation of steel is at a record high. The second problem is that enforced production cuts are not gneuine solution to overcapacity Chinese’s firms still do not pay sufficient heed to the market. In most cases the cuts are not as they seem to appear. In the coal industy for example officials last year a simply decree that mines should operate 276 days was unwound this year.

The reality of this is China has done little to tackle the underlying causes of overcapacity. Banks in China continue to use direct cheap capital for projects and companies. Even government policy of earn making bits of the economy for developing sets off mad rushes into them. China is doing what they can to fight the reins for the same affliction in new and more prospers fields such as robotics and  advanced manufacturing. China has done more to turn itself around and become a more stable industrial sector than many expected and providing to its own economy and the whole worlds.

Donald Trump ends DACA

In the article “A Dream Deferred,” published by The Economist in their September 9 issue, the publication describes how President Donald Trump ends an Obama-era program, and leaves undocumented immigrants brought illegally by their parents to the United States in the hands of the Congress. Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) is a program created by Barack Obama in June 2012, and the program grants a two-year work and residency permits to undocumented immigrants younger than 31, who have no criminal record, who came to the U.S. before the age 16 among other requirements. Approximately 800,000 young undocumented immigrants benefit from this program.

Ending DACA was one of Trump’s promises during his presidential campaign, and on September 5th he sent attorney-general Jeff Sessions to announce the end of it. Sessions, who is a fierce immigration skeptic said that “DACA denied jobs to hundreds of thousands of Americans by allowing those same jobs to go to illegal aliens,” however, there is no evidence to sustain such allegation. On the contrary, a survey conducted by the University of California, San Diego, found that DACA recipients contribute to the economy by starting businesses, buying homes, and other productive economic activities. Also, the Migration Policy Institute found that undocumented immigrant’s recipients of this program are more likely to sustain white-collar jobs, in comparison to the manual labor performed by other undocumented workers.

From now on, the affair moves to the Congress, and numerous activist groups and business figures expressed their support to DACA recipients and asked President Trump to consider not to end this program. It is unclear what Congress can do to fix it, meanwhile other old and new initiatives have emerged on the Congress floor such as the DREAM Act, BRIDGE Act, and RAC (Recognizing America’s Children) Act, the last one, unlike DACA, offers a path to citizenship. Nevertheless, the likeliness of an agreement between Democrats and Republicans to pass any of these Acts is unknown.

 

 

“A Dream Deferred .” The Economist, The Economist Newspaper, 9 Sept. 2017, http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21728667-president-leaves-fate-undocumented-immigrants-congress-donald-trump-ditches?zid=309&ah=80dcf288b8561b012f603b9fd9577f0e. Accessed 26 Sept. 2017.